How to Propagate a Rosemary Plant from Stem Cuttings
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Fresh rosemary is one of the most flavorful and fragrant herbs in the kitchen. Learn how to take rosemary cuttings from an established mother plant and grow new plants in containers that can be moved outside in summer and indoors in winter.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a perennial herb in USDA Hardiness Zones 8 and warmer where it can be planted in the garden and can grow 4 feet tall and spreads about 4 feet wide depending on the variety.
For those of us gardening in colder zones, growing rosemary in containers allows us to bring it in during the winter to keep it alive.
My rosemary plant is going on seven years old this year. It grows in a container spends the summer outside on the porch. The rosemary plant is brought inside when the weather turns cold in fall, and it overwinters on a south-facing windowsill.
By the time spring rolls around, the rosemary usually looks raggedy from reduced light and heat fluctuations. Sometimes so many needles dry up and drop off that I wonder if it can possibly survive.
Once warmer weather arrives, the rosemary plant is hardened off, and returned outside for summer. After only a few weeks, it begins to grow new shoots, and the branches fill in with thicker foliage. I am amazed every time it happens.
This is the perfect time to start a new batch of plants. These fresh, green stems are the ones you want to select for softwood stem cuttings.
Benefits of Growing Rosemary Plants from Stem Cuttings
Instead of purchasing a new rosemary plant every year or starting new plants from seeds, try growing your own from stem cuttings. Some of the benefits of growing rosemary from cuttings vs. starting from seeds include:
- Earlier Harvest: A rooted rosemary plant from a cutting will mature quicker than a plant started from seed. Rosemary seeds tend to have low germination rates and take a long time to sprout and grow. A rosemary stem cutting will reach a usable size in just a few months, so you will be able to harvest rosemary sooner.
- Same as the Mother Plant: The rosemary plant you will grow from cuttings will be an exact clone of the mother plant and have the same flavor, disease resistance, and growth.
- Extra Plants for Free: A single plant can provide numerous cuttings without risking the health of the plant. So you can line your kitchen windowsill with several plants that will smell wonderful when you brush your hand against them.
How to Grow Rosemary from Cuttings
Here are steps to taking rosemary cuttings from an established mother plant and grow new rosemary plants in containers that can be moved outside in summer and indoors in winter.
Step 1: Select new shoots from the mother plant
Choose healthy stems with fresh growth. The younger shoots will have green stems that are flexible. Avoid older brown, woody stems.
Step 2: Take stem cuttings
Use sharp scissors and snip the rosemary stem about 5 to 6-inches back from a fresh growing tip. Cut plenty of extra stems in case some fail to grow roots.
Step 3: Strip the lower leaves
Grasp your fingers around the stem, and gently strip off the lower 2-inches of needles from the stem of the rosemary cutting.
Step 4: Place cuttings in water
Stick the stems in a jar of water and place the jar in a warm place away from direct sunlight. Change the water every couple days, replacing with room temperature water. The fresh water provides dissolved oxygen and prevents the cuttings from rotting.
The rosemary stem cuttings should grow roots in a few weeks depending on the temperature. It can take longer in colder temperatures. After 4 to 8 weeks it should be apparent if the rosemary cuttings have survived. The cuttings that do not survive will be brown and shed needles. If your rosemary cutting is still alive, give it some more time.
Step 5: Pot up the stem cuttings once roots develop
Your rosemary cuttings are ready to place in soil when you see 4 to 6 roots on each stem that are at least 1/2-inch long. Use a sandy soil mix that drains well. Mix equal parts all-purpose potting soil and sharp sand. Or use cactus-potting soil. Use a sandy soil mix that drains well. Mix equal parts all-purpose potting soil and sharp sand. Or use cactus-potting soil.
Fill a 4-inch pot with slightly damp potting soil for each rosemary cutting. Use a pencil to make a 3 to 4-inch hole into the soil. Place the cutting in the hole with care to avoid damaging the roots. Cover gently and water thoroughly.
Place the newly potted rosemary plant in indirect light or in filtered sunlight until roots become established, and then move to direct light, at least 6 to 8 hours per day. Keep the potting soil moist until you see new growth.
Let the new plants to put on some growth before harvesting. Once the plant is 6-inches tall, harvest by cutting stems as needed. New growth will continue forming on the stem. Rosemary grows slowly so don’t harvest more than 1/3 of the plant at one time.
How to Care for Rosemary Plants
Rosemary is a rather robust plant once it is established and growing. Here are some tips to keep your plant healthy and producing:
- Grow in a sunny location. Rosemary thrives in 6-8 hours of direct sun in the summertime.
- Water when the soil feels dry. Once established, rosemary likes to stay on the dry side. Allow top inch of soil to dry out between watering, and then water thoroughly.
- Re-pot as the plant gets larger and the roots fill the container. A rosemary plant that grows in a container can reach 1 to 3 feet high. Just keep transplanting to a larger container when the roots fill the pot.
- Prune rosemary frequently. The more you trim, the bushier the plant grows. Prune the plant after it flowers to keep it compact.
Tips for Growing Rosemary Indoors in Winter
Rosemary is native to Mediterranean climates so it prefers a hot, sunny, and humid atmosphere. Here are some tips for keeping your rosemary plants alive indoors during winter:
- Quarantine: If you have houseplants, it is a good idea to quarantine your rosemary plants when you bring them indoors. Keep the plants in a separate location for a while to be sure there are no hitchhikers, pests, or disease.
- Light: Locate your rosemary plants in a bright south-facing window. Alternatively, you can use grow lights and keep your plants happy during the winter months.
- Water: Try to keep the potting mix evenly moist. Over watering will cause the plant to rot. If the soil is too dry, the plant will wither and die. Water when the soil dries out at the surface and let the extra moisture drain.
- Temperature: Rosemary likes it a bit on the cooler side during the winter. Keep the plants away from heat sources and wood stoves. About 60 to 65 degrees is ideal.
- Humidity: Winter heating keeps us warm, but it also saps moisture from the air and drops the humidity. Compensate by misting your rosemary plant frequently, running a humidifier, or placing your rosemary plant on a tray of pebbles and water to increase the humidity around your plant.
- Pests and Diseases: Common pests for indoor rosemary plants are red spider mites, aphids, spittlebugs, and whiteflies. These pests suck on the plants and cause the foliage to wilt and dry up. Inspect your rosemary plants frequently for pests and control with organic insecticidal soap. Diseases such as root rot, powdery mildew, and mold are all signs of too much moisture and poor air circulation. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between watering, and then water thoroughly allowing extra water to drain out of the bottom of the pot. Run a fan to improve air circulation around your plants.
This article was originally published March 23, 2015. It has been updated with additional information, new photos, and video.
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I have propagated about 5 rosemary plants from the same mother plant. The mother plant is getting woody, but is still very fragrant. All of the plants grown from the cuttings of the mother plant are not as fragrant. Also, the mother plant’s leaves are thinner that the others. Any ideas of why the difference? Thanks.
JT, It’s fantastic to hear that you’ve successfully propagated rosemary plants from the same mother plant! The difference in fragrance and leaf thickness between the mother plant and its cuttings could be attributed to various factors:
Environmental conditions, such as light, temperature, and humidity, may vary slightly between the locations where the mother plant and the propagated plants are growing. Differences in soil composition and nutrient availability could also contribute to variations in plant characteristics. As young plants, they may still be developing their full aromatic potential, and their fragrance could intensify as they continue to grow and establish themselves.
Due to these factors, it’s not uncommon for propagated plants to exhibit slight differences from their parent plants. With proper care and favorable growing conditions, the fragrance of the propagated plants will improve over time.
Hello, thanks for the tips on rooting rosemary. I live in zone 7a. I recently acquired two lovely rosemary plants, growing together in a canvas bag/growing pot. I keep it in the backyard. The plants are almost 2 feet tall. I was thinking about moving them to separate containers to bring indoors but I’m not sure if they should be kept as is since their roots are likely bundled together. I also worry about bugs and worms since I don’t know what’s in the soil.
What’s the best way to keep these plants going so that I can enjoy them all year round? Should I leave them outdoors and wrap them up somehow? Or should I bring them in for the winter? I’m worried about them dying if I don’t prep for the winter. Thank you for your help.
Alicia, I would bring your rosemary indoors for winter to keep the plants alive. Many have had success growing rosemary outdoors overwintered in a sheltered location in zone 7. However, since the plants are in a grow bag, they do not have the same insulation around the roots as it would if it was growing in the ground.
I also don’t recommend separating or transplanting the rosemary plants now because it will be too stressful for the roots to recover, plus deal with the other challenges it will face to survive winter indoors.
I do recommend quarantining your plants as you transition them to indoor growing conditions. Keep them in a separate room away from houseplants and watch them carefully for unwanted insects. You will also need to find a large pot or container to place the grow bag in to prevent moisture from damaging your floor. I hope this helps! ~Rachel
I have a rosemary plant/bush in a raised heard garden. I’ve had it about 5 years. It overwinters fine (I am in zone 8a) however, this past summer many leaves turned brown. I pruned back all the brown branches and am thinking of relocating it from the raised bed to the ground. I am curious if it is dying or if transplanting it could save it.
Kimberly, I wouldn’t transplant it right now. If the rosemary is still alive, it is already stressed from whatever is caused the branches to brown. I would let it be to see if it survives over winter.
Some of my rosemary cutting have roots but the ends turned brown. I scraped off the brown and left the roots. What is this brown like “film”? Should I just leave it?
Kandace, A film forming on the roots can be from bacteria. Roots need water and oxygen to root. If the water is stagnant, it gives bacterial a perfect environment to begin forming on the stems sitting in water and coat the stems with a gooey film. As you stems are rooting, be sure to change the water frequently and rinse off any the slimy film when you change the water. Once your cuttings have roots, go ahead and transfer them to a potting mix right away.
Is it possible to save a cutting that is turning brown? Is there any way to plant it in a pot and bring it back to life?
Makeda, I am sorry, it is likely no longer alive if it is turning brown.
Thank you for this great information i live zone 9a and would love as many rosemary plants in my yard as possible.. Would a succulent soil mix work for rosemary?
Yvonn, Succulent soil mix would be perfect for rosemary.
I thought rosemary was suppose to repel ants so I planted one in a raised rose garden bed. The ants made such a
large mound, it almost co vered the entire plant! What about that?
Mary, Well, your ants have proven that theory wrong. Sometimes these old wives tales get told again and again without anyone testing to see if it is true.
I have found that mint plants in your garden will keep ants away